• atrophy  (a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ, tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use)  
• autotroph  (an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy)  
• auxotroph  (an organism, such as a strain of bacteria, that has lost the ability to synthesize certain substances required for its growth and metabolism as the result of mutational changes)  
• chemoautotroph  (an organism, such as a bacterium or a protozoan, that obtains its nourishment through the oxidation of inorganic chemical compounds as opposed to photosynthesis)  
• dystrophy  (a degenerative disorder caused by inadequate or defective nutrition)  
• eutrophic  (having waters rich in mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and often causes the extinction of other organisms)  
• heterotroph  (an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition)  
• photoautotroph  (an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source)  
• phototroph  (an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light as an energy source)  
• polytrophic  (subsisting on various types of organic material)  
• syntrophism  (a biological relationship in which microorganisms of two different species or strains are mutually dependent on one another for nutritional requirements)  
• trophallaxis  (mutual exchange of food between adults and larvae of certain social insects such as bees or wasps)  
• trophoblast  (the outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst that attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall and serves as a nutritive pathway for the embryo)  
• trophoderm  (the outermost layer of cells of the blastocyst that attaches the fertilized ovum to the uterine wall and serves as a nutritive pathway for the embryo)  

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• agonic  (having no angle)  
• amblygonite  (a white or greenish mineral that is an important source of lithium)  
• decagon  (a polygon with ten angles and ten sides)  
• diagonal  (joining two nonadjacent vertices of a polygon; joining two vertices of a polyhedron not in the same face; having a slanted or oblique direction; having oblique lines or markings)  
• goniometer  (an optical instrument for measuring crystal angles, as between crystal faces; a radio receiver and directional antenna used as a system to determine the angular direction of incoming radio signals)  
• gonion  (the outer point on either side of the lower jaw at which the jawbone angles upward)  
• heptagon  (a polygon having seven sides)  
• hexagon  (a polygon having six sides)  
• isogon  (a polygon whose angles are equal)  
• octagon  (a polygon with eight sides and eight angles)  
• orthogonal  (relating to or composed of right angles)  
• pentagon  (a polygon having five sides and five interior angles; the United States military establishment)  
• trigon  (a triangular lyre or harp of Roman and Greek antiquity)  

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• agalactia  (absence of or faulty secretion of milk following childbirth)  
• extragalactic  (located or originating beyond the Milky Way)  
• galactic  (of or relating to a galaxy, especially the Milky Way)  
• galactic noise  (radio-frequency radiation originating outside the solar system)  
• galactopoiesis  (secretion and continued production of milk by the mammary glands)  
• galactorrhea  (excessive flow of milk from the breasts during lactation; spontaneous milk flow not associated with childbirth or the nursing of an infant)  
• galactosamine  (an amino-acid derivative of galactose)  
• galactose  (a monosaccharide commonly occurring in lactose and in certain pectins, gums, and mucilages)  
• galactosemia  (an inherited metabolic disorder characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme that is necessary for the metabolism of galactose)  
• galactosidase  (an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a galactoside)  
• galactoside  (any of a group of glycosides that yield galactose on hydrolysis)  
• intergalactic  (being or occurring between galaxies)  
• intragalactic  (occurring or situated within the space of a galaxy)  

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• nepheline  (a mineral of sodium-aluminum or potassium-aluminum silicate, occurring worldwide in igneous rocks and used in the manufacture of ceramics and enamels [its fragments become cloudy when placed in nitric acid])  
• nephelinite  (an igneous rock consisting chiefly of pyroxene and nepheline)  
• nephelometer  (an apparatus used to measure the size and concentration of particles in a liquid by analysis of light scattered by the liquid)  

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• archipelago  (a large group of islands; a sea containing a large number of scattered islands)  
• bathypelagic  (of, relating to, or living in the depths of the ocean, especially between about 600 and 3,000 meters [2,000 and 10,000 feet])  
• epipelagic  (of or relating to the part of the oceanic zone into which enough sunlight enters for photosynthesis to take place)  
• mesopelagic  (of, relating to, or living at ocean depths between about 180 and 900 meters [600 and 3000 feet])  
• pelagic  (of, relating to, or living in open oceans or seas rather than waters adjacent to land or inland waters)  

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• aerotaxis  (the movement of an organism, especially a bacterium, toward or away from air or oxygen)  
• ataxia  (loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement)  
• chemotaxis  (the characteristic movement or orientation of an organism or cell along a chemical concentration gradient either toward or away from the chemical stimulus)  
• geotaxis  (the movement of a motile organism using the earth's gravity for orientation)  
• heliotaxis  (the movement of an organism in response to the light of the sun)  
• hydrotaxis  (the movement of an organism in response to moisture)  
• hypotaxis  (the dependent or subordinate relationship of clauses with connectives)  
• parataxis  (the juxtaposition of clauses or phrases without the use of coordinating or subordinating conjunctions)  
• phototaxis  (the movement of an organism or a cell toward or away from a source of light)  
• phyllotaxy  (the arrangement of leaves on a stem; the principles governing leaf arrangement)  
• pleiotaxy  (an increase in the number of whorls in an inflorescence)  
• rheotaxis  (the movement of an organism in response to a current of water or air)  
• taxis  (the responsive movement of a free-moving organism or cell toward or away from an external stimulus, such as light; the moving of a body part by manipulation into normal position, as after a dislocation, fracture, or hernia)  
• taxonomy  (the classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships)  
• telotaxis  (the movement or orientation of an organism toward or away from a particular stimulus)  
• thermotaxis  (the movement of a living organism in response to changes in temperature)  
• thigmotaxis  (the movement of an organism in response to contact with a solid body)  
• tropotaxis  (the movement or orientation of an organism in response to two stimuli, especially lights, by means of different sense organs)  

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• skiagram  (a picture or photograph made up of shadows or outlines)  
• skiagraph  (an image produced on a radiosensitive surface, such as a photographic film, by radiation other than visible light, especially by x-rays passed through an object or by photographing a fluoroscopic image; also called shadowgraph)  
• skiagraphy  (the art or technique of making skiagrams)  
• skiascope  (an optical instrument for examining refraction of light in the eye)  
• skiascopy  (medical examination and analysis of the refractive properties of the eye)  
• squirrel  (any of various arboreal rodents having a long flexible bushy tail and including the fox squirrel, gray squirrel, and red squirrel)  

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• sarcasm  (a cutting, often ironic remark intended to wound; a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule)  
• sarcoid  (relating to or resembling flesh)  
• sarcolemma  (a thin membrane enclosing a striated muscle fiber)  
• sarcoma  (a malignant tumor arising from connective tissues)  
• sarcomere  (one of the segments into which a fibril of striated muscle is divided)  
• sarcophagic  (flesh-eating; carnivorous)  
• sarcophagus  (a stone coffin, often inscribed or decorated with sculpture)  
• sarcoplasm  (the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber)  
• sarcous  (of, relating to, or consisting of flesh or muscle tissue)  
• syssarcosis  (the union or attachment of bones, such as the hyoid bone and lower jaw, by means of muscle)  

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The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition copyright © 1992 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Electronic version licensed from InfoSoft International, Inc. All rights reserved.

Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster, 2002.
http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com (30 Sep. 2006).

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